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　　湖南自考本科英語(一)鞏固練習試題：第五章

　　Unit 5 Keeping Your Dreams Alive

　　Life Is Difficult

　　① Life Is Difficult.

　　② This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult-once we truly understand and accept it-then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters.(承上句)

　　③ Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.

　　④ Instead they moan more or less incessantly, noisily or subtly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be easy. (1)They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race or even their species, and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.(承上、總結的句子)

　　本部分重點及難點：

　　1. They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race or even their species, and not upon others.

　　visit sth. on / upon sb./sth. (古)inflict(造成，使遭受) punishment on sb./sth. 對某人/某物進行懲罰

　　visit the sins of the parents upon their children相當于make the children suffer for their parent's failings 使子女因父母之過錯而受懲罰

　　⑤ Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?

　　⑥ Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life's problems.(主題句) Without discipline we can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline we can solve all problems.

　　⑦ What make life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration of grief, sadness, loneliness, guilt, regret, anger, fear, anxiety, anguish, despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain. (2)Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we call them problems.(承上啟下句) (3)And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.

　　本部分重點及難點：

　　2. Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we call them problems. 強調句。去掉it is…that…剩下的部分成立。

　　3. And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.

　　pose an endless series of problems

　　pose threat

　　pose danger

　　pose for a picture

　　⑧ (4)Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn. (承上啟下句)As Benjamin Franklin said, "Those things that hurt, instruct." It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.

　　本部分重點及難點：

　　4. (Paragraph 8) Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn. (承上啟下句)As Benjamin Franklin said, "Those things that hurt, instruct." It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.

　　本文出現最多的結構是強調結構。本段中的強調結構有：

　　(1)Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning.

　　(2)It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. (本句的語序要留意)

　　比較：Only because of problems do we grow mentally and spiritually.

　　類似的還有not until…被強調時，例如：

　　It was not until midnight that the party broke up.

　　Not until midnight did the party break up.

　　(3)It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn.

　　(4)It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.

　　請認真答題，答題結果將記入知識點測評的成績!

　　【單選題】8. It was not until the deadline that ______ out the application form.

　　· A. he had sent

　　· B. had he sent

　　· C. he sent

　　· D. did he send

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】本題考查否定詞被強調時，強調結構中that從句的語序。否定詞放在句首句子要用倒裝語序，但在強調結構中否定詞被強調時，that引導的部分不能倒裝，要用陳述句語序。

　　【知識點】否定詞被強調時，強調結構中that從句的語序

　　重點掌握：courage的派生詞

　　courageous

　　encourage ～ sb. to do sth.

　　discourage ～ sb. from doing sth.

　　encouraging

　　discouraging

　　encouragement

　　discouragement

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